Piston ring



Aug. 28, 1923.

A. A. PANYARD PISTON RING Filed Dec. 25, 1920 INVEN TOR.

44/25 /4. $0 r zy ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 28, 1923.

ltliNlTED STATES ALFRED A. PANYARD, OF. DETROIT, .MICHIGAN.

PISTON RING.

Application filed December 23, 1926; Serial No. 432,894. 7

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALFRED A. PANYARD, acitizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, county of Wayne,State of Michigan, have invented a certain new and useful improvement inPiston Rin s, and declare the following to be a full clear. and exactdescription of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the artto which it pertains to make and use the-same, reference being had tothe accompanyingl drawings, which form a part of this speci cation.

My invention relates to piston rings. The object is to provide a pistonring of simple inexpensive construction adapted to form a close fittinggas tight joint between the cylinder wall and a reciprocating piston.More particularly the object isv to provide in combination with a pistonhaving a peripheral groove which groove is ordinarily rectangular incross section, a resilient packing ring adapted to be received in saidgroove, which ring is formed in two concentric sections having obliquemeeting faces and being of such size that when constricted within thegroove the separate ring sections are wedged laterally against the sideWalls of the groove.

The object is to provide a piston ring which will not only fit snuglyagainst the cylinder wall but will be held so closely against the sidewalls of the groove of the piston as to prevent any leakage around thering adjacent the piston. In practice it has been found that with ringsconstructed as herein. described. the ring sections hug the side wallsof the groove so securely; as to turn with the piston if the piston isrotated within the cylinder. The contrary is ordinarily the case inpacking rings used withv internal combuston engine pistons which is thatconstruction' for which the present ring is peculiarly adapted to beemployed.

Figural is an elevation of a portion of a. piston head.

Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken- 'on line,2-'-2. hi .1.

ig. 3 is a vertical section showing the position of the piston ring inthe groove in the piston;

Let (1 represent a piston provided with piston ring groovesb, two ofwhich are shown in the drawing in Fig, 1. This piston is disposed forreciprocation within a cylinder, not shown in the drawing, but a brokenaway section of the wall of which is indicated as C in Fig. 3, c, inFigs. 3, 4 and 5.

I provide a piston ring formed in two longitudinal sections withbeveled-contacting surfaces which sections are adapted to be receivedwithin the groove 6 in the piston. The separate sections of the ring areindicated as (l and e. The larger section-e is adapted to beii'emovablyreceived within the groove in the i'piston, but the inner face is ofapproximately the same width as the bottom of the groove. The beveledface of the larger section is engaged with the beveled face of thesmaller section d when the section (1 is forced into position within thegroove. Section of is a wedge-shaped section of such size that as itisforced into position within the piston ring groove it wedges thesections of the ring sideways against the side walls of. the groovethereby securely wedging the cross-sectional area of the wedge-shapedsection d is larger than the cross-sectional area of the portlon whichwould have to be removed from the section e to form its beveled sidewere such section constructed from a rectangular ring whose longest sidewas equal to the longest side of section e, and it will be observed thatthis constriction of the wedge-shaped section (1 would be accomplishedby the pressure of the cylinder wall against the piston ring when thepiston is operating within the cylinder. When the piston is firstinserted within the cylinder the outer face of the ring section (Z wouldproject outwardly beyond the face of section c. It is only afterconsiderabl wear and when section. d is, more compl .tely' constrictedwithin the groove that the outer faces of the ring sections arebroughtflush with each other. The normal working position is that shownin Fig. 3. The principal feature of the invention lies in the provisionof these concentric resilient ring sections provided with means forbeing held yieldingly outwards and having oblique nieetingzfaces andbeing of such size that when constricted within'the piston groove theywedge later- 15' ring into place. It will be seen that the .v

ally against the side walls thereof so as to expansible.

I also provide a lubricating groove 9 which is formed by beveling thelower. outer corner of the section of the piston ring as shown in Fig.3. This would form an oil seal adapted to lubricate the interior of thecylinder.

What I claim is:

1 A piston packing COIHIHlSlIlg a pair of cxpansible rings ofsubstantially different cross sectional area having conical meetingfaces, the ring of larger area having an inner periphery ofsubstantially the width of the groove in which the composite ring is tobe used and the aggregate axial width of the two rings at their outerperipheries being greater than the'axial width of such groove and wheninitially installed the ring of relatively lesser area projects beyondthe periphery of the outer ring.

2. In combination with a cylinder, a piston having a peripheral packingring groove and a resilient expansible packing ring for said groove,said packing ring comprising an inner split ring seated within andsubstantially filling the groove and having the upper edge of its outerperipheral surface beveled outwardly and downwardly so as to't'orm atriangular gap between the beveled portion and the upper side wall ofthe groove and an outer ring member generally triangular in crosssection, of substantially smaller area than the inner ring member butgreater than the said triangular gap, said outer ring having a side insliding engagement with the bevelled edge of the inner ring and acylinder bearing surface extending beyond the cylindcr bearing surfaceof the inner ring whereby said triangular ring-only initially engagesthe cylinder wall.

3. In piston packing, the combination with a cylinder and a pistonhaving a groove for packing, of packing in said groove comprising aninner expansible ring seated within. the groove having. its outerperiphery beveled outwardly and downwardly to form a gap between suchbeveled portion and the opposite side wall of the groove, an outer)"ring member shaped to fit said gap and of substantially smaller areathan the inner ring member but larger than said gap, whereby when seatedtherein 1t projects beyond the outer periphery of said inner ring memberto engage the cylinder wall during the initial period of use to theexclusion of the inner ring member, but adapted to wear within a limitedperiod of use so that both ring members engage the cylinder wall.

In testimony whereof I sign this specification.

ALFRED A. PANYARD."

